About gout
What causes gout
Gout happens when uric acid builds up and forms crystals in a joint. Diet, genes, body weight, medicines, and kidney function can all play a role.
In brief
- Crystals of uric acid trigger joint inflammation.
- Higher blood uric acid raises risk, but many people with high levels never get gout.
- Gout is more common in men, especially after age 40, and can run in families.
Uric acid
Your body makes uric acid when it breaks down purines. Purines come from your own cells and from some foods and drinks.
If you make too much uric acid or clear too little through the kidneys, levels can rise. Crystals may then form in joints or soft tissue.
Things that raise risk
- Family history of gout
- Being overweight
- Kidney disease or reduced kidney function
- Some blood pressure, heart, or transplant medicines
- Dehydration, fasting, or recent illness or surgery
- Heavy alcohol use, especially beer and spirits
- Frequent sugary drinks high in fructose
Heart, vessels, and kidneys
People with gout more often also have high blood pressure, heart disease, or reduced kidney function. That does not mean gout caused those conditions, but it is a reason to review overall health with your clinician.